To explore the nature and ownership of the news industry.
purpose of news
- inform
- entertain
- make profit
- educate
- influence
- persuade
- 'news was not a spectators sport' nobody would watch the news because there wasn't any,people would talk about it.
- developments 150yrs ago made it possible for people to make a business selling news are the printing press and a telegraph.
- we can now access news anywhere
- 'mostly a wonderful thing' because there is a lot of fake news nowadays and the gap between professional journalists and other people got smaller and the quality of the news would lower.
newspapers are PSB,they are commercial publications.
77.8% of the british press are owned by a handful of billionaires.
27.3% of the press is owned by lord rothermere and 24.9% by rupert murdoch.
Over 50% of the printed press is owned by these two men.
Newspapers and their online publications are not legally obliged to provide an un bias public information service.
There are ethical and more codes of press conduct but the printed press is self regulatory industry.
UK 3 Ownership models:
- media barons-wealthy individual
- trusts-legal arrangement that transfers funds from owner to trustee to manage and control running of the paper.
- cross media converged conglomerates-global institutions that own numerous media outlets.
news:a broadcast or published report of news.
the disadvantages of the news being a commercial industry are shortage of cash - you may need to borrow money to meet expansion costs, eg buy new premises or equipment.
compromised quality - increasing your production output may lead to a decline in quality, which can lead to loss of customers or sales.
loss of control - as your business grows, you may need to delegate management duties or divide the workloads between different locations.
increased capital requirements - a larger business means a larger workforce, more facilities or equipment, and more investment.
increased staff turnover - for example, if staff are given extra work, their morale could drop, their productivity could decrease or they could leave your business.
the advantages of the news being a commercial industry are: increase your resources and stock
generate more sales and profits, reach new customers or markets, put more money back into your business, influence market price and reduce external risks (eg from competition, market or technology changes).
advantages of newspapers being self regulatory:
Self-regulation is a very effective mechanism when it is deployed well.
The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) is set up on similar lines and is still widely recognised as free of undue influence. The small number of national publications that have not signed up to any regulator, notably the Financial Times and the Guardian, operate their own codes and complaint
schemes that are essentially the same as those run by IPSO.
disadvantages of newspapers being self regulatory:
Press Complaints Commission to regulate its activity under the Editors Code.
Dissemination of false or misleading information, and the harassment of people in the public eye.
Biased and not accurate.
Ownership is important because
Fake news is where the news isn't accurate and false.
You can spot fake news by checking publishers credibility,pay attention to quality and check sources and citations.
There is more fake news nowadays because of photoshop and social media.
13/03/20
Newspaper ownership,funding and regulation
Tabloids: The sun, Daily mirror, The star
Broadsheets: Financial times, The daily telegraph, The independent, The times, The observer
Hybrid: The express, Daily mail
2) Broadsheet
3)Broadsheet
How do newspapers make money
- advertising
- circulation
- subscriptions
- memberships
- inserts
- donations
- sponsored content
- events/other sales
- paywalls
Rupert Murdoch- sun, times, Sunday times, sun on Sunday.
Daily mail and general trust- Mail, Mail on Sunday.
Reach PLC- Mirror, Sunday mirror, Sunday people, Daily record.
Barclay Brothers- Daily telegraph, Sunday telegraph.
Scott trust limited- Guardian, Observer.
Nikkei- Financial times.
Three types of newspaper outlet owners
14/04/20
The Observer audience profile
Three types of newspaper outlet owners
- media barons
- media conglomerates
- trusts
How does media ownership contribute to news bias?
- commercial advertising ties
- political opinion of owner
- business interests of owners/friends
- profit
14/04/20
The Observer audience profile
Observer readers are affluent, young urban consumers with a keen sense of adventure when it comes to trying new products and experiences. They have varied interests and their high disposable incomes give them the means to keep up with their sports, hobbies and travel. Being difficult to reach through other media and newspapers, our readers make the Observer an extremely valuable title to include on your schedule.
Observer readers are health conscious individuals. Around two-thirds exercise at least weekly (vs half of British adults) and a third go to the gym each week – they're particularly likely to be members of private gyms. They also enjoy exercising outdoors; they're more likely to cycle (and to splash out on high-end bikes) and a quarter regularly go walking or climbing.
Observer readers are tech savvy individuals who are more likely to own the latest items, such as iphones and e-readers and to take a keen interest in editorial about technology and online communication. They are also more likely to consider themselves knowledgeable about TV, audio and visual equipment and to pass on information to their friends and acquaintances.
Observer readers are more engaged with the newspaper than readers of any other quality paper and research demonstrates that this results in a higher degree of advertising engagement therefore driving greater advertising effectiveness. In addition, Observer readers are more likely than readers of any other quality newspaper to possess characteristics and attributes that are key for spreading word of mouth. They are well connected, information hungry, vocal and voracious media consumers, making them powerful influencers when it comes to passing on and sharing information about products/services and personal experiences.
Media convergence refers to the merging of previously distinct media technologies and platforms through digitization and computer networking. This is also known as technological convergence.
Media convergences is not just a simple technological changes, it is a integration process of qualitative change of media form, there are five areas of convergence: “technological, economic, social or organic, cultural and global”. Therefore, the convergence is the process of these five points cooperation, rather than the breakthrough of a single point . The convergences is the product of cooperation and competition “between the multiple media platforms and the multiple media industries”. The convergence describes the changes in the technological、industrial、culture and society. It represents a shift which closely between the most of medias that encourages consumers to search for new information. The Internet of Things is a fusion of Internet and sensor network technology, the process of communication through the Internet for machine-to-machine directly, the future has a better of possibility and vision. Which brings new ways to promote the development after the collision and convergence various media. In the news industry, media convergence has changed the way of news development, which makes science、technology、humans life link to digital media, networks, radio and newspapers, integrated together, resulting the new media.
LESSON 4:
The biggest advantage of e-papers has to be that they report news a lot faster than regular newspapers. Whenever anything is reported anywhere around the world. Online news is updated every single minute in real-time.
The disadvantages of online newspapers are:Difficult to read, Health alert, False publication and Internet need.
Observer readers are health conscious individuals. Around two-thirds exercise at least weekly (vs half of British adults) and a third go to the gym each week – they're particularly likely to be members of private gyms. They also enjoy exercising outdoors; they're more likely to cycle (and to splash out on high-end bikes) and a quarter regularly go walking or climbing.
Observer readers are tech savvy individuals who are more likely to own the latest items, such as iphones and e-readers and to take a keen interest in editorial about technology and online communication. They are also more likely to consider themselves knowledgeable about TV, audio and visual equipment and to pass on information to their friends and acquaintances.
Observer readers are more engaged with the newspaper than readers of any other quality paper and research demonstrates that this results in a higher degree of advertising engagement therefore driving greater advertising effectiveness. In addition, Observer readers are more likely than readers of any other quality newspaper to possess characteristics and attributes that are key for spreading word of mouth. They are well connected, information hungry, vocal and voracious media consumers, making them powerful influencers when it comes to passing on and sharing information about products/services and personal experiences.
Media convergence refers to the merging of previously distinct media technologies and platforms through digitization and computer networking. This is also known as technological convergence.
Media convergences is not just a simple technological changes, it is a integration process of qualitative change of media form, there are five areas of convergence: “technological, economic, social or organic, cultural and global”. Therefore, the convergence is the process of these five points cooperation, rather than the breakthrough of a single point . The convergences is the product of cooperation and competition “between the multiple media platforms and the multiple media industries”. The convergence describes the changes in the technological、industrial、culture and society. It represents a shift which closely between the most of medias that encourages consumers to search for new information. The Internet of Things is a fusion of Internet and sensor network technology, the process of communication through the Internet for machine-to-machine directly, the future has a better of possibility and vision. Which brings new ways to promote the development after the collision and convergence various media. In the news industry, media convergence has changed the way of news development, which makes science、technology、humans life link to digital media, networks, radio and newspapers, integrated together, resulting the new media.
LESSON 4:
The biggest advantage of e-papers has to be that they report news a lot faster than regular newspapers. Whenever anything is reported anywhere around the world. Online news is updated every single minute in real-time.
The disadvantages of online newspapers are:Difficult to read, Health alert, False publication and Internet need.
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